In an Oct. 25 lecture titled "Negotiating Jerusalem" at the Baker Institute. Nusseibeh suggested a link between control of Jerusalem and the right of Palestinian refugees to return to Israel.
The Israeli position on Jerusalem has been that it is the undivided capital of Israel while Palestinians have sought to establish the capital of a future Palestinian state in the city's eastern part. Meanwhile. Palestinians have long called for Israel to permit all Arabs who left their homes after the founding of Israel to return (in accord with U. N. Resolution 194) but Israel has rejected any such move as harmful to the nation's Jewish character.
"From the Israeli point of view. Israel can give in on its position on Jerusalem in return for the Palestinians ceding the right to pre-1967 Israel," Nusseibeh said. "Likewise the Palestinians can give in on the question of return to pre-'67 Israel in exchange for Israel's ceding on the question of Jerusalem."
Nusseibeh is president of Al-Quds University in East Jerusalem and served as a representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 2001 to 2002. He also founded the People’s Voice initiative a nonpartisan civil initiative to advance the process of achieving peace between Israel and the Palestinians. He is working under the aegis of the Baker Institute’s Conflict Resolution Program which is chaired by Ambassador Edward Djerejian.
The program includes the work of the institute’s Israeli-Palestinian Working Group which comprises an Israeli team headed by Yair Hirschfeld the Isaac and Mildred Brochstein Fellow in Middle East Peace and Security in Honor of Yitzhak Rabin and a Palestinian team headed by Samih Abid a former minister in the Palestinian Authority.
Nusseibeh began his lecture with a discussion of the negotiation process. He asked if individuals can make a difference in whether a negotiation succeeds.
"It's not enough to think about the different formulas that you might think up as formulas for a negotiation between two parties," he said. "You also have to take into account the parties themselves."
As an example of an individual whose personal involvement influenced negotiations positively. Nusseibeh cited former U. S. Secretary of State James A. Baker honorary chair of the Baker Institute in Middle East talks during the George H. W. Bush administration.
Several years later the Oslo accords which ended with the famous handshake between Palestinian Authority President Yassir Arafat. Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and U. S. President Bill Clinton on the White House lawn deferred the so-called final status issues in favor of reaching agreement on the easier disputes.
Among the issues left were Jerusalem and the right of return. Nusseibeh said he had initially worked on negotiating the status of Jerusalem as an effort distinct from other issues but changed his mind.
"I came to the conclusion," he said. "that in fact it was very hard to come to a formula that would be acceptable on Jerusalem if one were to look on the Jerusalem issue separately from the other issues."
Nevertheless. Nusseibeh laid out his vision for the future of Jerusalem as an "open city," meaning all people could enter and circulate within it without barriers. He did suggest however monitoring outgoing traffic so Palestinians could not enter Israel proper without permission and Israelis could not enter a Palestinian state without Palestinian permission.
He also proposed shared city governance so that some matters (like religious holidays) would be governed by separate administrative entities while others (like sanitation) would be overseen by a unified body.
Nusseibeh backed a unique solution to controlling the city's "religious heartland" -- the area roughly 1-square-kilometer that encompasses the Western Wall and the Noble Sanctuary.
He advocated what he called "divine sovereignty" for the sensitive area meaning routine administrative control would remain with the Jewish and Muslim communities that currently have it. But no one side should have unilateral decision-making authority to institute radical changes such as excavations or renovations since neither side has exclusive right to the area because it belongs to God.
"If we reduce the big issue of sovereignty and [the] capital to workable practical details. I think we can come up with a solution for Jerusalem that will serve the interests and the needs of the Palestinians as well as of the Israelis," said Nusseibeh.
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